Back Nguyen Van Tuat and Le Van Trinh
National Institute for Plant Protection, Chem, Tuliem, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract
EM (effective microorganisms) was used to assess and evaluate its efficacy
in controlling insect pests and diseases of rice, tomato, cucumber, cabbage,
maize, soybean. Laboratory and field trials of EM products have been conducted
since early 1997 with the aims to include as one alternative measure in
IPM programme in Vietnam. Methods of EM application were basically based
on the technical guidelines for the EM preparation and application with
a little modification. The EM products EM1, EM5, EM-FPE, and EM Bokashi
were applied for pest management. In order to verify EM's effectiveness
several in-vitro test was conducted prior to do the filed trials. Results
indicate that EM. EM5-FPE separately sprayed in rice and EM5 + EM-FPE in
mixture can reduce bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and sheath blight disease
incidence about 30%. As the result the rice yield was increased nearly
8% compared to untreated plot. Though having no significant difference
in insect pests density, the use EM-Bokashi, EM, and EM-FPE positively
effect plant growth of cucumber, giving 3.9-10.1% yield higher than untreated
plot. For watermelon crop the EM is able to enhance the field resistance
level to the pests such as collar rot disease, caterpillar insect pest
Heliciverpa armigera, etc. EM products sharply decrease density of Diamond
Back Moth (DBM) of cabbage, from 206.7 adults per plant down to 81.3 and
15.3 in the EM5 and EM-based IPM plots, respectively. The yield of cabbage
grew up nearly twice in EM treated plot. In a large scale of 16.6 has the
EM was used in six crops and show good results in pest management, keeping
pest threshold at lower economics level. The net income for EM use in cabbage
against DBMM has achieved about 4,099,000 Vietnam dong per ha, significantly
reducing labor cost and chemical pesticides.
In conclusion, EM can be used in IPM practices as one alternative measure to minimize chemical pesticides sprays, subsequently saving input cost, protect environmental pollution and food health.