Back R. G. Corales1 and T. Higa2
Philippine Rice Research Institute PhilRice, Maligaya, Science City 3119
Nueva Ecija, Philippines1 and
Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus,
Okinawa, Japan2
Full Paper (PDF File: 21KB)
Abstract
Rice is the backbone of the agricultural economy and the staple food of most people in the Asia Pacific Region. The increase in area planted, introduction of high-yielding varieties, and extensive use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides increased rice production. However, these gains also contributed to environmental pollution, biological imbalances, health hazards, and soil degradation. More sustainable alternatives have been sought to address these concerns and meet the food demand of the increasing population. Effective microorganisms (EM) technology was studied at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan from March 1998 to November 1999 to evaluate its impact on rice production and soil properties.
EM application with rice straw as organic substrate promoted the development of vigorous root system, sustained the growth and yield of rice better than rice straw alone, and comparable with chemical fertilizer. It also increased the diversity of soil organisms, improved the soil tilth, and soil nutrients.
Its effect on ratoon production includes higher hill viability, healthier and vigorous tillers, and higher yield levels than rice straw alone and comparable or in some cases higher than chemical fertiliser. Stubble cutting height of 10 and 15 cm for ratoon production were better than 5 cm. Although the yield obtained from 10 and 15 cm cutting height were comparable, 10 cm cutting height produced better grain quality. The effects of 100 and 250 l ha-1 EM foliar rates were more stable than the other rates.